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交(jiao)流(liu)異步(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時間長，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)沖擊較大，必須對其進行(xing)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。軋(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)系統多數(shu)使用(yong)(yong)高壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)線式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機，目前主(zhu)要(yao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)有：（1）轉子串電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；（2）用(yong)(yong)晶(jing)閘管軟(ruan)(ruan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；（3）轉子串頻敏變(bian)阻器(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；（4）轉子串液態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。這幾種起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)各有特點(dian)，在軋(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)生(sheng)產線上都得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)。為(wei)了尋找更(geng)安(an)全、可(ke)靠、簡(jian)便、易行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)法，更(geng)好地解決交(jiao)流(liu)異步(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)問題，保證生(sheng)產順利(li)進行(xing)。本(ben)文(wen)分析研究(jiu)了各種起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)特點(dian)，認為(wei)液態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻軟(ruan)(ruan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)更(geng)適合于軋(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼(gang)(gang)用(yong)(yong)高壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)線式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。我公司(si)于28年購(gou)人一套液態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻軟(ruan)(ruan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)，用(yong)(yong)于熱軋(ya)(ya)(ya)帶鋼(gang)(gang)生(sheng)產線巾450mm初軋(ya)(ya)(ya)機主(zhu)拖動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，替換頻敏變(bian)阻器(qi)，通(tong)過幾年的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)綜合起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)效果(guo)較好。

1）繞線式(shi)異步電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機，由(you)于制造的特殊性，轉子(zi)回路中(zhong)可(ke)以外串三相對稱電(dian)阻(zu)，電(dian)阻(zu)值匹配(pei)合適，起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)流Iq可(ke)控制在(zai)1.5一(yi)2·5倍(bei)額定電(dian)流le,起(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)壓Uq控制在(zai)額定電(dian)壓Ue內，轉矩達到大值。因此繞線式(shi)異步電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機可(ke)以應(ying)用在(zai)重載(zai)和頻繁起(qi)動(dong)(dong)的生(sheng)產機械上。

2）轉子串電阻的(de)機械(xie)特性(xing)如圖1所示(shi)：

從圖中可(ke)以看出(chu)，只要外接適當的(de)(de)電(dian)阻(zu)值，起(qi)(qi)距離和電(dian)導率都便于控(kong)制，液態電(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)熱容量(liang)很(hen)大，在短時(shi)間(jian)內可(ke)以重復起(qi)(qi)動電(dian)動機。它的(de)(de)純(chun)電(dian)阻(zu)性，克服了(le)頻敏(min)變阻(zu)器向電(dian)網反(fan)饋高次諧波(bo)的(de)(de)缺點，因此起(qi)(qi)動平(ping)滑、無(wu)極、無(wu)沖擊。起(qi)(qi)動電(dian)流從1.1—2.51e連續可(ke)調，起(qi)(qi)動時(shi)間(jian)2艸60秒可(ke)調。

2）高壓籠型液阻啟動器工作原理，參看圖2，圖中IQF為電動機運行斷路器，高壓籠型液阻啟動器短接(jie)(jie)斷(duan)路器，Rs為(wei)液態(tai)變阻(zu)(zu)器。高壓籠型液阻(zu)(zu)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器是三(san)相(xiang)結構(gou)，由三(san)個(ge)相(xiang)互(hu)絕緣的(de)箱(xiang)體構(gou)成，每一(yi)個(ge)箱(xiang)體內分別盛有電解(jie)液和一(yi)對相(xiang)互(hu)獨立(li)的(de)導電極(ji)(ji)板(ban)，一(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)定(ding)，相(xiang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)由傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機構(gou)及PLC控(kong)制器控(kong)制運行。電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、定(ding)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)間距離(li)大，此(ci)時閉(bi)合(he)IQF,斷(duan)開(kai)2QF,電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機開(kai)始升速，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、定(ding)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)間距離(li)逐漸接(jie)(jie)近(jin)，當電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機達(da)到額定(ding)轉(zhuan)速時，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、定(ding)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)間的(de)電阻(zu)(zu)接(jie)(jie)近(jin)為(wei)零，此(ci)時，2QF閉(bi)合(he)，液阻(zu)(zu)回路被短接(jie)(jie)，電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機進人運行狀太也。